Thursday, October 30, 2014

Hardware

Scholarship opportunities!

#1:

#2:








Fun new stuff - Android Wear:








  

 






Random trivia: Top 10 Excel shortcuts
http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9247093/10_top_Excel_keyboard_shortcuts?taxonomyId=86&pageNumber=1







Parts of a computer:



Basic parts:
1. Case: box around all the parts

Needs to be:
- easy to open up
-large enough to fit everything into it
- large exhaust fans
- compatible with motherboard



2. Power Supply: 
Provides power to motherboard and expansion slots.
 - adequate wattage
- modular plugs (to manage cables)
- fan (heat management).  

 





 3. Motherboard:
.






- Ties all the parts of the computer together: (processor, memory, power supply, video cards, keyboard, mouse, sound, monitor etc.)






 -AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port channel for attaching a video card

 -RAM - Random Access memory - temporary data storage that can be accessed in any random order.  Temporary - is gone if you shut the computer down (if you did not save your work, and the computer shuts down, it will be gone because it was only in RAM.)

- ROM - read-only memory. Permanently stored data. ROM stores your computer's configuration is and is necessary to boot the operating system.

 -PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect – attach hardware devices like network cards, sound cards, modems etc.

 -ISA Industry Standard Architecture IBM computer bus   

- Bios Basic Input/Output system, or basic integrated operating system, performs basic functions like booting and keyboard control.  

- CMOS battery – stores the system time and CMOS BIOS settings when computer is off (Complementary metal oxide semiconductor)
- EIDE - Enhanced integrated drive electronics, or ATA storage device connector, like hard disks & floppy drives

 -CPU - Central Processing Unit


PCI (express) - Peripheral Component Interconnect Express serial expansion bus - hard disks, sound cards, integrates data from other buses into the system bus.
SATA - Serial ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment) bus interface that connects bus adapters to storage devices like hard disk drives and optical drives.

 ATX - default form factor, full-size ATX board is 12 × 9.6 in (305 × 244 mm).

 DDR - double data rate RAM - high transfer rates

 HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) audio/video interface for transferring uncompressed video data

USB - Universal Serial Bus, connect cameras, scanners, printers, etc.

Firewire - video cameras, external hard drives



4. CPU - central processing unit, hardware in computer that performs input/output operations, decodes, and performs calculations.

Multiprocessing - more than one CPU
Multi-core processors - multiple CPU's on single chip

located next to big fan, most expensive part of computer
  • Intel - LGA (land grid array) socket, no pins, just gold contacts
  • AMD - pins 

 

  • Fan - important to keep CPU from overheating!!


5. Memory

DIMM - dual in-line memory module,  series of dynamic random-access memory integrated circuits.
RAM - Random Access Memory
temporary memory that only works when the computer is on, then it is flushed out.

6. Video Card
DVI - Digital Visual Interface




Discrete video card - separate from what you get on motherboard

PCI  (Express) -  Peripheral Component Interconnect, serial computer expansion bus

  • serial communication sends data one bit at a time, sequentially, over a communication channel or computer bus.

  • parallel communication,  several bits are sent as a whole, on a link with several parallel channels.
 
7. Storage (HDD/SSD) - AKA hard drive
Permanent memory storage (does not disappear when computer is turned off, like RAM/DIMM)
Mechanical hard drive.  Two different types:

  • HDD - hard disk drive -uses rapidly rotating "hard" disks coated with magnetic material.  Magnetic heads arranged on a moving actuator arm read and write data to the surfaces. Data is read in a random-access manner, meaning individual blocks of data can be stored or retrieved in any order rather than sequentially.  



  • SSD - solid-state drive/solid-state disk
 - no moving parts, no actual "disk" of any kind,
- no motors to "drive" the disks, -
- data storage device using integrated circuit assemblies as memory to permanently store data
- fast and quiet


    8. Optical Drive
    reads and writes to CD's, DVD, and Blue Ray disks.
    CD - "compact disk", originally created for music, expanded for use with storing data.
    • CD-ROM: Read-Only Memory
    • CD-R - "Recordable" is a Write Once Read Many (WORM) optical medium
    • CD-RW "re-written"



    DVD "Digital Video Disc" or "Digital Versatile Disc", originally for videos, expanded for use with music and other data.  
     
    Blue Ray - can store video and audio with greater definition

    I/O  (Input Output)
    keyboard, mouse, USB, Printer, Monitor etc.

    BIOS - Basic input output system for loading
    UEFI - Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
    replace BIOS in newer computers, interface between OS and firmware.
    OS - Operating System - software that manages hardware resources - links programs with hardware. (UNIX, Solaris, Linux, Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows)

    Program - instructions to perform a task.

    Measurements:

    ¨Bit (b) – Binary Digit, value of 0 or 1
    ¨Byte (B) – 8 bits
    ¨Kilobyte (KB) – 1024 bytes (210 bytes)
    ¨Megabyte (MB) – 1024 * 1024 bytes (220 bytes)
    ¨Gigabyte (GB) – 1024 * 1024 * 1024 bytes (230 bytes)
    ¨Terabyte (TB) – 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 bytes (240 bytes)

     Extra Credit - **Build a Computer:**

     


    Computer Engineering Lab



    The purpose of this lab is to familiarize you with the major components of a personal computer.  I want you to “build” a personal computer by selecting components you find on the web.  List the details for each component as described below.  Make sure that the components you choose work together and that the power supply you choose is adequate for your power budget.  For this lab, assume heat issues have been mitigated with appropriate cooling techniques.

    Just cut and paste what is below,  if you have not done this kind of thing before, look at the desktop PC's that are already assembled on places like :
    http://www.newegg.com/Desktop-PCs/Category/ID-228

    Scroll down, click on specifications:
    http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16883103950

    Many of the general spec's have a little description you can click on to see what it is describing:




    There is a lot of info just in the title of the PC:
    Example:
    http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16883103950

    "Acer VX2631-UR11 Desktop PC Intel Core i3 4130 (3.40GHz) 4GB DDR3 500GB HDD Windows 7 Home Premium 64-Bit"


    Acer  → brand name
    VX2631-UR11 → model # (motherboard, unless it's a Dell or HP)
    Desktop PC
     Intel Core i3 4130 (3.40GHz) → CPU type / speed
    4GB DDR3 → RAM Memory
    500GB HDD → Hard Drive / data storage
    Windows 7
    Home Premium
    64-Bit →CPU


    Another great webpage:
    http://pcpartpicker.com/

    ~~~~~~~~Fill in Below, 
    then email it to me so I can open up your links etc.  
     
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    Motherboard:            ________
     Cost:                                       
    Size/Form Factor: ________(Mini ITX, Micro ATX, or full ATX, determines size of case)
    Ports: ________(USB ports? HDMI?)  

    Chipset:             (manages the data flow between the processor, memory and peripherals:,

    northbridge links the CPU to very high-speed devices, especially RAM and graphics controllers, and the southbridge connects to lower-speed peripheral buses (such as PCI or ISA, Ethernet, USB, and audio devices


    Socket:                 (determines which CPU you can use, LGA socket = no pins. AMD - pins)



    Manufacturer:        (ASUS, GIGABYTE, and MSI...BIOSTAR, ASRock etc.)

    Website:                                               



    CPU:                 

    Cost:                                               

    Cores:      __  (more cores means it can carry out more sets of instructions at one time)

    Clock Speed:                 (how many instructions one core can carry out in one second)

    Cache:                    (speeds up the memory retrieval process)

    Manufacturer:              (AMD - less expensive, Intel - performs better)

    Website:                                              



    RAM:                         (check what your motherboard supports!) 

    Cost:                                              

    Size:                              (average ~ 4GB)

    Speed:                                                                              

    Memory Type:                (static RAM (SRAM)- more $/faster/less energy;  dynamic RAM (DRAM) - most common, and phase-change memory (PRAM), DDR3- double data rate type three with
    DRAM interface)

    Package–Memory Pin/Format:                           (240 pin? ) 

    Manufacturer:                                              

    Website:                                              



    Power Supply:                                                 
    P.S. calculator: http://extreme.outervision.com/psucalculatorlite.jsp 

    add 100 Watts more than you need in case you get upgrades
    Cost:                                              

    (Size)Form Factor:                   (how large is it? "ATX" - new standard)  

    Wattage:                                              

    Efficiency:                                 (80+ - most energy efficient) 

    Manufacturer:                                              

    Website:                                                


    Hard Drive(s):                                               

    Cost:                                               

    Drive Type:                                        (HDD, SSD)        

    Capacity:                             (500GB, 1TB?) 

    Spindle Speed (RPM):                         (~7200 RPM - only applies to HDD's)

    Buffer Memory/cache:                                    only applies to HDD's

    Interface:                              (USB 3.0?  

    Manufacturer:                      (Western Digital, Seagate, Hitachi, Samsung, and Toshiba)

    Website:                                             



    Graphics Card:                                                

    Cost:                                             

    Interface Type:                 (example - PCI Express 3.0)    

    Interface Speed:                                              

    Chipset:                                            

    Memory Type:                                    (GDDR5 etc.            

    Memory Size:                                    (2 GB etc.    

    Manufacturer:                                   (MSI etc.    

    Website:                                                              



    Case:                                             

    Cost:                                              

    Compatible Motherboards:                                             

    Dimensions:                                             

    Cooling Fans:                                              

    Manufacturer:                                              

    Website:                                             



    Optical Drive(s):                                         

    Cost:                                                 

    Compatible Media:                                                         

    Write Speed:                                                                  

    Cache Size:                                                                 

    Manufacturer:                                                                         

    Website:                                                                             





    Total Cost for PC:                                            


    Example: http://www.newegg.com

    Motherboard:  

    ASRock X79 Extreme6 LGA 2011 Intel X79 SATA 6Gb/s USB 3.0 ATX Intel Motherboard

     Cost:    $214.99               
    Size/Form Factor: 9.6" by 12"_
    Ports: (see pict)_ 



    Chipset:  Intel X79    

    Socket:  LGA 2011 (determines which processors you can use)



    Manufacturer:     ASRock__

    Website: http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16813157289




    CPU:

    Intel Core i7-3820 Sandy Bridge-E 3.6GHz (3.8GHz Turbo Boost) LGA 2011 130W Quad-Core Desktop Processor BX80619i73820


    Cost:  $299.99                        

    Cores:     Quad core

    Clock Speed:     3.6 - 3.8 GHz           

    Cache:  10MB L3, 4 x 256KB L2

    Manufacturer:    Intel

    Website:   http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16819115229




    RAM:  

    Kingston HyperX 16GB (2 x 8GB) 240-Pin DDR3 SDRAM DDR3 1600 Desktop Memory Model KHX1600C10D3B1K2/16G


    Cost:   $159.99                            

    Size:         2*8GB = 16 GB

    Speed:   1600 MHz, Cas Latency 10           

    Memory Type:   SDRAM DDR3             

    Package–Memory Pin/Format:  240 pin DDR3                

    1.5V
    Manufacturer:    Kingston   

    Website:  http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16820104302   



    Power Supply:  

    Rosewill LIGHTNING-1000 1000W Continuous @ 50°C, Intel Haswell Ready, 80 PLUS GOLD, ATX12V v2.31 & EPS12V v2.92, SLI/CrossFire Ready, Modular Active PFC Power Supply

    P.S. calculator: http://extreme.outervision.com/psucalculatorlite.jsp 

    add 100 Watts more than you need in case you get upgrades
    Cost:   $169.99                       

    (Size)Form Factor:   7.09" x 5.91" x 3.39"    

    Wattage:     1000W                      

    Efficiency:  80 +                  

    Manufacturer:   Rosewill      

    Website:  http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16817182239     


    Hard Drive(s):  

    Western Digital WD Black WD2002FAEX 2TB 7200 RPM 64MB Cache SATA 6.0Gb/s 3.5" Internal Hard Drive Bare Drive - OEM



    Cost:  $149.99                       

    Drive Type:    3.5" internal hard drive     

    Capacity:     2TB                            

    Spindle Speed (RPM):   7200 RPM

    Buffer Memory:     64MB                     

    Interface:  SATA 6.0Gb/s                     

    Manufacturer:   Western Digital,_________

    Website:   http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16822136792



    Graphics Card:  

    MSI Gaming N760 TF 2GD5/OC GeForce GTX 760 2GB 256-bit GDDR5 PCI Express 3.0 SLI Support Video Card


    Cost:     $259      

    Interface Type:   PCI Express 3.0     



    Chipset:     GTX760           

    Memory Type:    GDDR5                   

    Memory Size:   2GB                         

    Manufacturer:  MSI                        

    Website:  http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=14-127-745 



    Case:  

    Rosewill BLACKHAWK-ULTRA Gaming Super Tower Computer Case, support up to HPTX, come with Eight Fans,Top HDD docking


    Cost:   $169.99                    

    Compatible Motherboards:  ATX, E-ATX, XL-ATX, HPTX     

    Dimensions:  9.45" x 25" x 25.99" (WxHxD) (front & top panel included)    

    Cooling Fans: 8 fans           

    Manufacturer:  Rosewill             

    Website:   http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16811147157 



    Optical Drive(s): 

    LG Black 14X BD-R 2X BD-RE 16X DVD+R 5X DVD-RAM 12X BD-ROM 4MB Cache SATA BDXL Blu-ray Burner, Bare Drive, 3D Play Back (WH14NS40) - OEM


    Cost:      $79.99            

    Compatible Media:  BD, DVD, CD                

    Write Speed:   2X(BD-RE)-48X (CD-R)                      

    Cache Size:           4MB                                                      

    Manufacturer:     LG                                                          

    Website:   http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16827136250





    Total Cost for PC:      $1509.92                                      
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